MalDroid

MalDroid is a local, static-analysis assistant for Android malware research. It manages investigation cases, starts one local llama-server, exposes a profile-specific tool set through a local Python MCP server, and persists evidence-backed findings. Investigation data is never sent to a cloud model.

MalDroid is not an automatic APK scanner, malware sandbox, dynamic-analysis system, or arbitrary shell agent. It does not run APKs, DEX files, native libraries, scripts, ADB, Frida, or emulators.

Supported systems and profiles

V1 supports macOS and Kali Linux with Python 3.11–3.14. Profiles are available for generic, react-native, native, flutter, unity, cordova, and cocos. Version-sensitive external adapters remain explicit and report compatibility limitations rather than assuming support.

Installation

git clone https://github.com/yayaya142/maldroid.git
cd maldroid
./install.sh

The installer creates ~/.local/share/maldroid/venv, installs MalDroid there, and creates ~/.local/bin/maldroid. It never installs Python packages into the system interpreter. Preview all actions with ./install.sh --dry-run. Installation uses public PyPI in isolated mode, so an unrelated global or corporate pip configuration cannot redirect MalDroid dependencies. An approved private mirror can be selected explicitly:

MALDROID_PIP_INDEX_URL="https://packages.example/simple" ./install.sh

The installer presents five explained steps, detects llama-server when it is already in PATH, and shows defaults that can be accepted with Enter. Existing configuration is preserved on reinstallation.

Update an installed copy without keeping a source repository:

maldroid update

This explicitly clones the official main branch into an OS temporary directory, installs it, prints the installed commit, and removes the checkout. The prior private venv is restored if the new installation fails. Configuration, investigations, knowledge, and MCP connectors are preserved. Update cannot run while a CLI or Web workspace is active.

After installation, enable native shell completion and inspect the command map:

maldroid --install-completion
maldroid --version
maldroid --help
maldroid help mcp serve

The first-use setup requests the local llama-server and GGUF paths. The supplied macOS default model is:

~/Desktop/Tools/Ai Models/gemma-4-12B-it-qat-q4_0.gguf

Validate model tool calling before research use:

maldroid doctor --show-command
maldroid doctor --model-tool-test

The built-in chat supplies its system prompt automatically. SYSTEM_PROMPT.md contains the same short prompt in a ready-to-paste form for direct llama.cpp or external MCP client sessions.

Daily use

maldroid                         # choose Web or CLI
maldroid server                  # modern local Web workspace
maldroid server --port 8787
maldroid cli /path/to/investigation
maldroid new CASE_NAME
maldroid /path/to/investigation
maldroid /path/to/index.android.bundle --profile react-native
maldroid /path/to/artifact --copy
maldroid /path/to/artifact --mcp-port 8765
maldroid resume
maldroid cases

The Web workspace provides project conversations, multilingual chat with per-message RTL support, a VS Code-style bounded file explorer and preview, live tool activity, durable research views, settings, reports, and external MCP connector management. It stays local on 127.0.0.1, requires a random per-run browser token, and uses the same case runtime and path policy as the CLI. See docs/WEB.md.

After an investigation finishes loading, use the clearly labeled message box at the bottom of the center pane; Actions are optional direct operations, not the chat entry point. The Web workspace supports persistent Dark and Light appearance, a searchable/collapsible file tree, and a header restore button whenever the project sidebar is collapsed.

Files used by MalDroid in the latest model turn receive a green marker; parent directories receive a green ring so work remains visible in a collapsed tree. Routine log files are hidden by default and can be revealed with the Logs hidden control. This is a browser-only view preference and does not remove files or limit the model's bounded case access.

The layout is designed for normal 100% browser zoom: Projects and Files use equal fluid widths on desktop so the chat is centered on the viewport, and both side panes become header-controlled drawers on compact laptop, tablet, and phone widths instead of forcing horizontal overflow.

During long turns, a central Live Work panel confirms that the local model is active with elapsed time, phase, tool count, approximate token telemetry, and recent operational steps. It deliberately does not expose private model reasoning.

Use Stop in Live Work to cancel the active turn without restarting llama-server. MalDroid drops partial model output while retaining completed tool results and durable research records. A tool already in progress finishes its current safe operation before the turn closes.

Opening an existing directory creates only .maldroid/ initially. Opening a file creates a managed case and registers a symlink by default. No analysis starts merely because an artifact is detected.

The terminal workspace provides persistent input history, slash-command and profile completion, multiline input, rendered Markdown, live model/tool activity, elapsed time, and a bottom status bar with estimated context remaining, findings, TODOs, checkpoints, and the active profile. Use Enter to send, Alt+Enter for a newline, Tab to complete, arrow keys for history, Ctrl+L to redraw, and Ctrl+D to exit. /help is the complete command index; /context, /checkpoints, /history, /mcp, and /shortcuts expose the most useful live views. Reasoning defaults to medium; /reasoning shows all levels and /reasoning high changes the budget immediately without restarting llama-server.

Research-oriented shortcuts avoid unnecessary model turns:

/dashboard                 live objective, context, Findings, TODOs, and next action
/inventory [PATH]          file-type/size inventory and large-text candidates
/indicators [PATH]         URLs, domains, IPs, emails, and WebSockets
/triage [PATH]             high-signal behavior families in one static pass
/findings [FIND-ID]        list or expand a complete Finding
/timeline [COUNT]          concise tool/state/compaction timeline
/report                    rebuild reports/RESEARCH_REPORT.md from durable state

Long investigations run through an autonomous phase controller. Every configured tool-round window creates a typed semantic checkpoint and continues the same objective without returning to the prompt or throwing away usable context. Compaction is independent and runs only when the actual context ratio crosses its configured threshold. Older tool payloads become small active-context receipts while their full session/output records remain on disk. The next completion budget is reserved before the threshold is calculated. Phases are unlimited, with three automatic retries for transient model-server failures. During streaming generation, the active status line shows elapsed time, generated tokens, context consumption, and estimated tokens remaining.

Runaway repeated output is detected while it streams. By default MalDroid stops the bad generation, starts a clean append-only session, carries forward durable state and bounded recent tool results, and continues the same request automatically. The repeated partial text is not stored as research or returned to the model. Disable this behavior with maldroid config set llama.repetition_recovery_enabled false.

Profile selection is automatic by default. MalDroid recursively inspects bounded artifact names, archive entries, ELF magic, and small content samples, then activates React Native, Flutter, Unity, Cordova, Cocos, Native, or Generic tools with evidence-backed confidence. Mixed apps use scored framework indicators so incidental native libraries do not override a stronger framework match. For ambiguous artifacts, the model can call MalDroid_detect_profile and make a validated MalDroid_select_profile recommendation after inspecting concrete evidence. /profile NAME is a manual session override; /profile auto restores adaptation.

MalDroid does not rely on the local model to remember progress voluntarily. It directs the model to create and complete TODOs, turn supported facts and labeled hypotheses into evidence-backed Findings, and save typed semantic checkpoints. Before accepting a final answer it requires fresh continuity after the latest evidence work. If the model ignores that instruction, MalDroid keeps only a semantic synthesis and durable IDs; tool arguments, results, and failures remain in audit streams. Low-value fallback content is skipped rather than promoted to research. Context is compacted automatically at 72% usage by default, with durable case state used as a fallback if model summarization fails.

MCP tools

Every normal interactive run starts a loopback-only MCP Streamable HTTP server and prints its exact endpoint and selected port. The model-side tool executor connects to this endpoint through the official MCP client; it does not bypass MCP. To expose a case without starting the model chat:

maldroid mcp serve /path/to/case
maldroid mcp serve /path/to/case --port 8765
maldroid mcp serve /path/to/case --json

Connect an MCP client to the printed URL, normally http://127.0.0.1:8765/mcp. A typical client entry is:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "maldroid": {
      "type": "http",
      "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8765/mcp"
    }
  }
}

The normal maldroid command starts this MCP server in the background inside the same Python process; a second terminal is not required. The endpoint uses modern MCP Streamable HTTP, so its path is /mcp, not the legacy SSE path /sse. MalDroid permits browser requests only from the active loopback llama.cpp WebUI port and includes the required CORS response headers. The WebUI may connect directly or through its per-connection Use llama-server proxy option.

Every managed tool name starts with MalDroid_, for example MalDroid_read_case_state and MalDroid_search_text. This keeps MalDroid tools recognizable when the WebUI connects several MCP servers at once.

Additional MCP servers

MalDroid can attach additional local MCP servers directly to its CLI agent. Paste the URL and, optionally, give it a short nickname:

maldroid mcp add http://127.0.0.1:8080/mcp --name ghidra
maldroid mcp add http://localhost:9000/sse --name legacy
maldroid mcp list
maldroid mcp test ghidra
maldroid mcp history
maldroid mcp remove ghidra

The /mcp suffix selects Streamable HTTP and /sse selects legacy SSE automatically. Without --name, MalDroid uses local-PORT. Discovered tools are namespaced as MCP_<nickname>_<tool-name>, added to the model on the next MalDroid session, shown by /tools and /mcp, and recorded in normal case tool history. An unavailable saved server produces a warning and is retried on the next run without blocking the investigation.

Connectors and their add/remove/test/connection history live in ~/.config/maldroid/mcp-servers.json and mcp-servers-history.jsonl. A normal reinstall or uninstall preserves them. uninstall.sh removes them only when the user explicitly approves the configuration-removal prompt. URLs are restricted to loopback, cannot embed credentials or query tokens, and may use only HTTP(S). External MCP servers have their own permissions and are not restricted by MalDroid's case path policy; only their invocation status and returned-output limit are enforced by MalDroid.

The MCP port is fixed. Its default is 8765, and MalDroid fails clearly if it is occupied rather than silently changing the endpoint. Set another persistent fixed port once with maldroid config set mcp.preferred_port PORT; --port on mcp serve and --mcp-port on normal chat are one-run overrides. Tool discovery always returns only core tools plus the case's active profile. The endpoint is intentionally not exposed beyond loopback; any local client connected to it can invoke case-scoped tools until the server stops.

Configuration

Configuration is stored at ~/.config/maldroid/config.toml:

maldroid config init
maldroid config show
maldroid config show --json
maldroid config get mcp.preferred_port
maldroid config set llama.temperature 0.1
maldroid config set llama.reasoning_level high
maldroid config set llama.api_key_enabled true
maldroid config set limits.auto_compact_ratio 0.72
maldroid config validate
maldroid config reset llama.temperature --yes
maldroid config path

config show groups every effective value by section, marks it as default or custom, and explains its purpose. Setters validate the complete configuration before performing an atomic save. Generate a ready-to-paste connector definition with maldroid mcp client-config.

CLI options override configuration for one run. The preferred model port is 7575 and may fall back when configured as a default. The MCP port is fixed at 8765 by default and never falls back.

The loopback llama.cpp API does not require an API key by default, which keeps direct local UIs and clients simple. Enable llama.api_key_enabled only when local model API authentication is needed; MalDroid then creates a new random key on every server start. /status and /server show the key for the active process. Treat it as a secret. The model host remains loopback-only.

The llama.cpp WebUI, experimental MCP proxy, and --tools all are enabled by default for the local owner-controlled workflow. WebUI built-in tools include shell execution and unrestricted host file access; they are not case-scoped or audited by MalDroid. The separate MalDroid MCP tools at http://127.0.0.1:8765/mcp retain profile, path, output, and audit enforcement. Both servers remain loopback-only, and --agent stays forbidden.

Evidence, findings, and large files

Evidence is registered by symlink or copy and is never overwritten. The assistant reads bounded line ranges, uses exact or regex search, and stores oversized results under tool-output/. The large-text index stores chunk boundaries and a contentless FTS5 token index; it does not store a second readable copy of the source.

Findings, TODOs, typed checkpoints, meaningful research notes, session events, reports, and summaries survive exit and resume. Operational failures and tool dumps stay in session/audit logs; they are rejected from research Notes. Every code-based finding should identify the case path, line or offset range, tool, and confidence.

Knowledge

maldroid knowledge add ./playbook.md --profile react-native --copy
maldroid knowledge list
maldroid knowledge reindex

Built-in, user, and case playbooks are indexed locally with SQLite FTS5. Only bounded matching excerpts enter model context. React Native and Native profiles automatically receive a bounded methodology guide covering Metro/Hermes data-flow work and ELF/JNI/Ghidra MCP investigation.

Troubleshooting

• llama-server was not found: run maldroid config init and provide its absolute path.
• Model missing: update llama.model; paths with spaces are supported.
• Tool call returned as prose: run maldroid doctor --model-tool-test and configure a compatible Jinja chat template.
• Server startup failure: inspect <case>/.maldroid/logs/llama-server.stderr.log.
• MCP port unavailable: stop the process already using it, or persist another fixed value with maldroid config set mcp.preferred_port PORT and update the MCP client once.
• WebUI MCP Failed to fetch: use the exact URL http://127.0.0.1:8765/mcp, confirm the normal MalDroid session is still open, and reinstall or upgrade MalDroid if the browser-origin fix is not present. /sse is only for legacy MCP servers.
• Python venv unavailable on Kali: install python3-full and python3-venv.

Use --debug only when a traceback is needed. Closing the terminal, pressing Ctrl-C, sending SIGTERM, or using /exit shuts down the MCP listener and the entire managed llama-server process group. A forceful kill -9 cannot be handled by any application. Uninstall safely with ./uninstall.sh; cases and user knowledge are retained by default.

Distribution

Maintainers can run the complete local release gate and build an installable wheel without manually activating Python:

./scripts/dev release-check
./scripts/dev build

The wheel is written under dist/ and can be installed into any supported isolated environment with python3 -m pip install /path/to/maldroid-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl. See docs/CLI.md for the command and automation-output reference.