Terraform Docs

An MCP server exposing hybrid (BM25 + vector) search over the Terraform AWS and Google provider documentation.

The installed tool is fully self-contained: the wheel ships the prebuilt search index, the embedding model, and the documentation itself. After installation it works offline, with no model download, no index build, and no dependency on the git submodules.

Install

make bootstrap   # fetch submodules, sparse-checkout the docs
make index       # build the search index into src/terraform_docs_mcp/_data
make install     # uv tool install .

Register with an MCP client

claude mcp add terraform-docs -- terraform-docs-mcp serve

Or by configuration file:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "terraform-docs": { "command": "terraform-docs-mcp", "args": ["serve"] }
  }
}

The server speaks stdio by default. --transport http serves Streamable HTTP in stateless mode instead, so requests can be spread across replicas without sticky sessions.

Tools

Tool	Purpose
terraform_mcp_search(query, provider=None, kind=None, limit=10)	Ranked list of matching documents with a snippet
terraform_mcp_get_document(doc_id)	Full markdown for a document

kind filters by document type: resource, datasource, guide, function, ephemeral_resource, list_resource, action. Document ids are provider:kind:stem, e.g. aws:resource:instance.

How search works

Two channels run over the same chunks and are combined with reciprocal rank fusion, then rolled up so each document appears once:

• BM25 (SQLite FTS5, unicode61) carries exact identifiers such as aws_s3_bucket.
• Vector similarity (mxbai-embed-xsmall-v1 via sentence-transformers) carries paraphrases such as "how do I delete old objects automatically", where the query shares no words with the target page.

Documents are chunked on markdown headings, and every chunk is prefixed with a breadcrumb (aws_instance — EC2 > Argument Reference > CPU Options) so a section still matches queries naming the resource it belongs to. Each document also gets one short synthetic "summary" chunk, giving topical queries something compact to match instead of competing with thousands of argument-level chunks.

Two rules sit on top of ranking:

• Exact identifier wins. A query naming aws_lambda_function returns that page, rather than whichever of the dozens of pages mentioning it ranks best.
• A named provider is respected. "…in google cloud" or "…in gcp" scopes the search, because returning AWS pages for those is simply wrong. A query naming both clouds (a migration question) stays unscoped.

Scale and measured quality

Documents	4,338 (2,576 AWS + 1,762 Google)
Chunks	42,446
Packaged data	123 MB (48 MB model, 16 MB vectors, 26 MB index, 36 MB docs)
Wheel	70 MB
Installed	~900 MB, of which torch is ~485 MB
Index build	~96 s on Apple silicon (MPS)
Query latency	a few ms once the model is loaded (~2 s at first query)

The install is dominated by torch, which comes in via sentence-transformers. That is a deliberate trade: delegating tokenization, pooling, normalization and batching to the library removes a class of silent correctness bug — an earlier hand-rolled ONNX embedder mean-pooled a model that requires CLS pooling, which produces plausible-looking but measurably worse vectors and raises no error.

On a 15-query benchmark spanning exact identifiers, attribute phrases and paraphrases, recall@5 is 11/15 and recall@10 is 13/15. All identifier and attribute-level queries pass. The four known failures are indirect paraphrases, kept in the test suite as xfail with written reasons rather than deleted — see KNOWN_WEAK in tests/test_retrieval.py. The benchmark is small enough that tuning parameters against it further would fit noise rather than improve retrieval.

Choosing the embedding model

Candidates were compared on this project's own benchmark rather than by leaderboard position, using a fast proxy (rank documents by their summary chunk alone). Two findings shaped the choice:

Model	query prompt	recall@5	MRR	weights
bge-small-en-v1.5	none / instruction	4 → 7	0.21 → 0.29	133 MB
mxbai-embed-xsmall-v1	none	8	0.30	48 MB
bge-base-en-v1.5	none / instruction	5 → 9	0.26 → 0.36	439 MB
arctic-embed-m-v1.5	instruction	5	0.27	436 MB

First, the query instruction matters more than the model: bge gains 3-4 recall points from it, and no candidate declared it to sentence-transformers, so encode_query would silently have skipped it. Second, bigger was barely better — bge-base leads the proxy but costs 9x the weights, and on the full hybrid system mxbai-embed-xsmall reaches the same recall@5 as the previous setup and a better recall@10.

Whether a model wants a query instruction is per-model and measured, not assumed: bge is helped by one (5/15 → 9/15), this model is hurt by one (8/15 → 5/15). The chosen prompt is written into the packaged model's own config at build time, so runtime code carries no model-specific knowledge.

Rebuilding

make index regenerates everything, but only when something actually changed. Each build writes _data/manifest.json recording the commit SHA of every provider repo, the embedding model, a SHA-256 over src/, and when it ran — and the Makefile uses that file as its target.

make index                 # rebuild if an input changed, otherwise a no-op
make index FORCE=1         # rebuild regardless (also: make reindex)
terraform-docs-mcp stats   # what the installed index was built from
uv run src/terraform_docs_mcp/build_index.py index --check   # why it is stale, no build

Staleness is content-based rather than mtime-based, because mtimes get it wrong in both directions here: git checkout rewrites unchanged files, and git submodule update replaces thousands of documents without touching a single file Make can see. A submodule with uncommitted changes under website/docs always counts as stale — git status reports which files changed but not what they now contain, so freshness cannot be established.

The manifest is written last, so its presence also means the build finished; an interrupted build leaves none and the next run starts over.

Use as a library

The same search is available to any Python project:

from terraform_docs_mcp import Index

index = Index()                       # loads the packaged index
for hit in index.search("s3 bucket lifecycle", provider="aws", limit=5):
    print(hit["doc_id"], hit["score"], hit["snippet"])

print(index.get_document("aws:resource:s3_bucket"))

Index is safe to share across threads and keeps no per-request state, but the first search loads an embedding model — build one Index per process and reuse it.

Importing the package costs ~80 ms and pulls numpy, which the vector search runs on. It does not pull torch: that arrives only when a search actually needs to embed a query, so importing this package at module scope stays cheap even in a process that never searches.

Depending on it

Depend on the built wheel, not on the git repository.

[project]
dependencies = ["terraform-docs-mcp"]

[tool.uv.sources]
terraform-docs-mcp = { path = "/path/to/terraform_docs_mcp-0.1.0-py3-none-any.whl" }

The index is generated by make index and deliberately not committed, so building straight from a git checkout succeeds and produces a 34 KB package with no data in it. Nothing fails until the consumer calls Index(), which then raises IndexUnavailable. A git dependency, an editable install of a freshly cloned tree, and uv add git+… all hit this. Produce the artifact with make build and distribute dist/*.whl — via a path, a private index, or an artifact store.

Two smaller notes:

• uv.lock records the wheel's hash, so rebuilding at the same version breaks the lock with a hash mismatch. Bump the version, or run uv lock --upgrade-package terraform-docs-mcp.
• The package ships py.typed, so annotations are visible to type checkers in consuming projects.

Checking the stdio server

The probe spawns the server and speaks raw JSON-RPC to it, so it exercises the same path an MCP client does. It separates the phases, because "boots and lists tools but calls fail" is a different problem from "never starts" — discovery is answered from static metadata, while the first call also loads the embedding model and reads the index.

make probe                                                          # this package's server
uv run python -m terraform_docs_mcp.probe -- terraform-docs-mcp serve   # a specific binary
make probe PROBE_ARGS='--command "uvx --from=./dist/*.whl terraform-docs-mcp serve"'
make probe PROBE_ARGS='--tool terraform_mcp_search --args {"query":"vpc"}'

It reports timings per phase, surfaces the server's stderr on failure, and flags non-JSON output on stdout — which silently corrupts the stdio protocol.

Debugging without an MCP client

terraform-docs-mcp search "s3 bucket lifecycle expiration"

Licensing

This tool redistributes documentation from terraform-provider-aws and terraform-provider-google, both licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0. See NOTICE and src/terraform_docs_mcp/_data/licenses/.