World Bank Server

Build an MCP (Model Context Protocol) server that exposes World Bank development data to AI agents like Claude.

Learning Objectives

By completing this lab, you will:

• Understand the difference between MCP Resources (read-only data) and Tools (executable actions)
• Build an MCP server using Streamable HTTP transport
• Integrate local CSV data with external REST APIs
• Test your MCP server using the MCP Inspector and a Python client

Overview

You will build an MCP server called world-bank-server that exposes:

Part	Type	Description
Part 1	Resources	Read local World Bank indicator data from a CSV file
Part 2	Tools	Fetch live data from REST Countries and World Bank APIs

When complete, an AI agent can ask questions like:

• "What's the GDP per capita of Germany?"
• "Compare the population of USA, China, and India"
• "Show me all indicators for Brazil from the local dataset"

Why Resources vs Tools? (Design Pattern)

This lab intentionally uses both local data (Resources) and API calls (Tools) to teach an important MCP design pattern:

	Resources (Local CSV)	Tools (API Calls)
Data type	Historical indicators (2000-2023)	Current country metadata
Example	"GDP of USA in 2015"	"What's the capital of USA?"

Why not just call the API every time?

1. Historical data doesn't change - USA's GDP in 2015 is fixed forever. There's no reason to fetch it from an API repeatedly.

2. Performance - Local file reads are ~1ms. API calls are ~200-500ms. For bulk queries across 200 countries, that's the difference between instant and waiting 2 minutes.

3. Reliability - APIs can fail, have rate limits, or go down. Local data is always available.

4. Cost at scale - Many APIs charge per request or have rate limits. In production, you'd pay for every unnecessary API call.

5. Offline capability - Local resources work without internet. Your agent can still answer historical questions on an airplane.

6. Data consistency - You control the exact dataset version. APIs might update data or change formats unexpectedly.

The real-world pattern:

Cache what you can (Resources), fetch what you must (Tools)

In production MCP servers, you typically:

• Resources for: configuration, cached data, historical records, local files, database snapshots
• Tools for: real-time data, actions with side effects, data that changes frequently, external service integrations

This is why we split the lab this way - it mirrors how you'd actually build a production MCP server.

Prerequisites

• Python 3.11+
• uv package manager installed
• Basic understanding of async Python
• Familiarity with REST APIs

Project Structure

lab-week4-mcp-server/
├── data/
│   └── world_bank_indicators.csv    # PROVIDED - World Bank data (do not modify)
├── server.py                         # STARTER CODE - implement the TODOs
├── test_client.py                    # PROVIDED - tests your server
├── pyproject.toml                    # PROVIDED - dependencies
├── .mcp.json                         # OPTIONAL - Claude Code config
└── README.md                         # YOU WRITE - document your implementation

Setup

1. Clone the repository (via GitHub Classroom)

2. Install dependencies

   uv sync
   

3. Verify the data file exists

   ls data/world_bank_indicators.csv
   

Your Tasks

Part 1: Implement Resources (25 points)

Resources expose read-only data from the local CSV file. Implement these three resources in server.py:

1. data://schema

Return the column names and data types of the dataset.

@mcp.resource("data://schema")
def get_schema() -> str:
    """Return the schema of the World Bank dataset."""
    # Already implemented as an example

2. data://countries

Return a list of all unique countries in the dataset.

@mcp.resource("data://countries")
def get_countries() -> str:
    """List all unique countries in the dataset."""
    df = _load_data()
    # TODO: Return unique country codes and names as JSON string
    # Hint: Use df.select() and df.unique() then df.write_json()

Expected output format:

[
  {"countryiso3code": "USA", "country": {"value": "United States"}},
  {"countryiso3code": "CHN", "country": {"value": "China"}},
  ...
]

3. data://indicators/{country_code}

Return all indicators for a specific country from the local data.

@mcp.resource("data://indicators/{country_code}")
def get_country_indicators(country_code: str) -> str:
    """Get all indicators for a specific country from local data."""
    df = _load_data()
    # TODO: Filter by country_code and return as JSON string
    # Hint: Use df.filter() with pl.col("countryiso3code") == country_code

---

Part 2: Implement Tools (30 points)

Tools are executable functions that call external APIs. Implement these three tools:

1. get_country_info(country_code: str)

Fetch country metadata from the REST Countries API.

@mcp.tool()
def get_country_info(country_code: str) -> dict:
    """Fetch detailed information about a country from REST Countries API."""
    logger.info(f"Fetching country info for: {country_code}")
    # TODO: Use _fetch_rest_countries() and extract relevant fields
    # Return: name, capital, region, subregion, languages, currencies, population, flag

API Endpoint: https://restcountries.com/v3.1/alpha/{country_code}

Expected output:

{
    "name": "United States of America",
    "capital": "Washington, D.C.",
    "region": "Americas",
    "subregion": "North America",
    "languages": ["English"],
    "currencies": ["USD"],
    "population": 331002651,
    "flag": "🇺🇸"
}

2. get_live_indicator(country_code: str, indicator: str, year: int)

Fetch a specific indicator value from the World Bank API.

@mcp.tool()
def get_live_indicator(country_code: str, indicator: str, year: int = 2022) -> dict:
    """Fetch a specific indicator value from the World Bank API."""
    logger.info(f"Fetching {indicator} for {country_code} in {year}")
    # TODO: Use _fetch_world_bank_indicator() and return the value

API Endpoint: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/{code}/indicator/{indicator}?format=json

Common Indicators:

Indicator ID	Description
NY.GDP.PCAP.CD	GDP per capita (current US$)
SP.POP.TOTL	Total population
SP.DYN.LE00.IN	Life expectancy at birth
SE.ADT.LITR.ZS	Adult literacy rate

3. compare_countries(country_codes: list[str], indicator: str)

Compare an indicator across multiple countries.

@mcp.tool()
def compare_countries(country_codes: list[str], indicator: str, year: int = 2022) -> list[dict]:
    """Compare an indicator across multiple countries."""
    logger.info(f"Comparing {indicator} for countries: {country_codes}")
    # TODO: Call get_live_indicator for each country and collect results

Expected output:

[
    {"country": "USA", "indicator": "SP.POP.TOTL", "value": 331002651, "year": 2022},
    {"country": "CHN", "indicator": "SP.POP.TOTL", "value": 1412175000, "year": 2022},
    {"country": "DEU", "indicator": "SP.POP.TOTL", "value": 83797985, "year": 2022}
]

---

Part 3: Error Handling (15 points)

Your implementation should handle these error cases gracefully:

1. Invalid country code - Return a clear error message
2. API request failure - Catch exceptions and return error info
3. Missing data - Handle cases where indicator data doesn't exist for a year
4. Empty results - Handle when filters return no data

Example error handling:

try:
    data = _fetch_rest_countries(country_code)
except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
    logger.error(f"API error for {country_code}: {e}")
    return {"error": f"Country not found: {country_code}"}

---

Part 4: Test Your Server (15 points)

Demonstrate that your server works by testing it with one of the following options:

Option A: Python Test Client (Recommended)

Run the provided test client and capture the output to a log file:

# Terminal 1: Start your server
uv run python server.py

# Terminal 2: Run tests and save output to log file
uv run python test_client.py 2>&1 | tee test_results.log

Requirements:

• Include test_results.log in your repository
• The log should show all tests passing
• If any tests fail, fix your implementation before submitting

Option B: MCP Inspector

Test your server using the MCP Inspector visual UI:

# Terminal 1: Start your server
uv run python server.py

# Terminal 2: Start MCP Inspector
npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector

Requirements:

• Take screenshots showing:
  1. Successfully connected to your server
  2. Testing at least one resource (show the response)
  3. Testing at least one tool (show the response)
• Create a screenshots/ folder and include your screenshots
• Name them descriptively: inspector-connected.png, inspector-resource-test.png, inspector-tool-test.png

---

Testing Your Server (Detailed Instructions)

Option 1: MCP Inspector (Recommended)

The MCP Inspector provides a visual UI to test your server.

Terminal 1 - Start your server:

uv run python server.py

You should see:

Starting World Bank MCP Server on http://127.0.0.1:8765/mcp
Press Ctrl+C to stop

Terminal 2 - Start MCP Inspector:

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector

In the Inspector UI:

1. Select "Streamable HTTP" transport
2. Enter URL: http://127.0.0.1:8765/mcp
3. Click Connect
4. Navigate to Resources tab - test each resource
5. Navigate to Tools tab - test each tool

Running on EC2?

If you're running on an EC2 instance, use SSH tunneling:

# From your LOCAL machine (not EC2), run:
ssh -L 8765:localhost:8765 -L 6274:localhost:6274 ubuntu@your-ec2-ip

# Then open in your local browser:
# Inspector: http://localhost:6274
# Your server: http://localhost:8765/mcp

---

Option 2: Python Test Client

We provide a test client that automatically tests all resources and tools.

Terminal 1 - Start your server:

uv run python server.py

Terminal 2 - Run the test client:

uv run python test_client.py

Expected output:

============================================================
TESTING RESOURCES
============================================================
Available resources: ['data://schema', 'data://countries', 'data://indicators/{country_code}']

Testing data://schema...
Schema: {'countryiso3code': 'String', 'country': 'String', ...}

Testing data://countries...
Countries: [{"countryiso3code": "USA", ...}]

Testing data://indicators/USA...
USA Indicators: [{"indicator": "NY.GDP.PCAP.CD", ...}]

============================================================
TESTING TOOLS
============================================================
Available tools: ['get_country_info', 'get_live_indicator', 'compare_countries']

Testing get_country_info('USA')...
Result: {"name": "United States of America", "capital": "Washington, D.C.", ...}

Testing get_live_indicator('USA', 'NY.GDP.PCAP.CD', 2022)...
Result: {"country": "USA", "indicator": "NY.GDP.PCAP.CD", "value": 76329.58, "year": 2022}

Testing compare_countries(['USA', 'CHN', 'DEU'], 'SP.POP.TOTL')...
Result: [{"country": "USA", ...}, {"country": "CHN", ...}, {"country": "DEU", ...}]

============================================================
ALL TESTS PASSED
============================================================

---

Option 3: Claude Code Integration (Optional)

Once your server works, connect it to Claude Code:

Create .mcp.json in your project root:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "world-bank": {
      "type": "streamable-http",
      "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8765/mcp"
    }
  }
}

Start your server, then restart Claude Code.

Try these prompts:

• "What's the capital and population of Japan?"
• "Get the GDP per capita of Germany for 2022"
• "Compare life expectancy of USA, Germany, and Japan"

---

API Reference

REST Countries API (No API Key Required)

Endpoint: https://restcountries.com/v3.1/alpha/{code}

Example: https://restcountries.com/v3.1/alpha/USA

Response fields you need:

• name.common - Country name
• capital[0] - Capital city
• region - Geographic region
• subregion - Geographic subregion
• languages - Dictionary of languages
• currencies - Dictionary of currencies
• population - Population count
• flag - Flag emoji

---

World Bank API (No API Key Required)

Endpoint: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/{code}/indicator/{indicator}?format=json

Example: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/USA/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?format=json&date=2022

Response structure:

[
  { "page": 1, "pages": 1, "total": 1 },
  [
    {
      "indicator": {"id": "NY.GDP.PCAP.CD", "value": "GDP per capita"},
      "country": {"id": "US", "value": "United States"},
      "date": "2022",
      "value": 76329.58
    }
  ]
]

Note: Data is in the second element of the array (response[1]).

---

Grading Rubric

Component	Points	Criteria
Resources (Part 1)	25	All 3 resources implemented and return correct data
Tools (Part 2)	30	All 3 tools implemented, API calls work correctly
Error Handling (Part 3)	15	Graceful handling of invalid inputs, API failures
Code Quality	15	Type hints, docstrings, follows course coding standards
Testing (Part 4)	15	Test log file OR screenshots showing server works

Total: 100 points

Bonus Points (+10)

Integrate your MCP server with an AI assistant and provide proof:

Option 1: Claude Code

• Add your server to Claude Code via .mcp.json
• Take screenshots showing Claude using your tools
• Include screenshots in screenshots/ folder

Option 2: Other AI Assistants

• Integrate with Goose, Cline, or another MCP-compatible assistant
• Take screenshots showing the assistant using your tools
• Include screenshots in screenshots/ folder

Screenshot requirements for bonus:

• Show the AI assistant connected to your server
• Show it successfully calling at least one tool (e.g., "What's the GDP of Germany?")
• Show the response from your server

---

Submission Checklist

Before submitting, verify:

• Server starts without errors: uv run python server.py
• All 3 resources return valid data
• All 3 tools call external APIs successfully
• Code follows course standards: uv run ruff check .
• Testing evidence included:
  • Option A: test_results.log file with passing tests, OR
  • Option B: screenshots/ folder with MCP Inspector screenshots
• All changes committed and pushed to GitHub
• (Bonus) Screenshots of AI assistant using your server

---

Troubleshooting

"Connection refused" error

• Ensure your server is running (uv run python server.py)
• Check you're using 127.0.0.1 not 0.0.0.0
• Verify port 8765 is not in use: lsof -i :8765

"Module not found" error

• Run uv sync to install dependencies
• Ensure you're in the project directory

API returns empty data

• World Bank API may not have data for all years
• Try a different year (2020, 2021, 2022)
• Check the country code is valid (use ISO 3166-1 alpha-3)

Polars DataFrame issues

• Convert to JSON: df.write_json() returns a string
• Convert to dicts: df.to_dicts() returns a list of dictionaries
• Filter example: df.filter(pl.col("column") == value)

---

Resources

• MCP Documentation
• FastMCP GitHub - Python SDK for building MCP servers
• FastMCP Guide
• World Bank API Documentation
• REST Countries API
• Polars Documentation

FastMCP Quick Reference

Creating a Streamable HTTP Server

from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP

# Initialize server with host and port
mcp = FastMCP(
    "my-server-name",
    host="127.0.0.1",
    port=8765,
)

# Define a resource (read-only data)
@mcp.resource("data://example")
def get_example_data() -> str:
    return "Hello from resource!"

# Define a tool (executable function)
@mcp.tool()
def my_tool(param: str) -> dict:
    return {"result": f"Processed: {param}"}

# Run with Streamable HTTP transport
if __name__ == "__main__":
    mcp.run(transport="streamable-http")

Key Concepts

Decorator	Purpose	Return Type
@mcp.resource("uri://path")	Expose read-only data	str (usually JSON)
@mcp.resource("uri://path/{param}")	Parameterized resource	str
@mcp.tool()	Expose callable function	dict or any JSON-serializable

Transport Options

• Streamable HTTP (recommended): mcp.run(transport="streamable-http")
• stdio: mcp.run(transport="stdio") - for subprocess-based clients